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--- proyectos:tfg:introduccion:realismo-especulativo [2017/12/14 11:07] – Joaquín Herrero Pintado
+++ proyectos:tfg:introduccion:realismo-especulativo [2022/06/03 08:44] (actual) – Joaquín Herrero Pintado
@@ Línea 1: / Línea 1: @@
-====== Realismo especulativo ======
+====== Realismo Especulativo ======
+[[proyectos:tfg:bibliografia:bogost2012|]] \\
+[[proyectos:tfg:bibliografia:bryant2008|]] \\
+[[proyectos:tfg:bibliografia:bryant2011a|]] \\
+[[proyectos:tfg:bibliografia:bryant2011b|]]
+====== Antecedentes de pre-kantianos de "la-cosa-en-sí" ======
+Anton Amo (c1703-55), who was born and died in Guinea, today’s Ghana. For two decades, Amo studied and taught at Germany’s foremost universities, writing in Latin. His book, Antonius Gvilielmus Amo Afer of Axim in Ghana, bears a subtitle that describes the author: ‘Student. Doctor of philosophy. Master and lecturer at the universities of Halle, Wittenberg, Jena. 1727-1747.’ According to the World Library Catalogue, just a handful of copies, including those in the original Latin, are available in libraries around the world.
+Amo was born a century after Yacob. He seems to have been kidnapped from the Akan people and the coastal city of Axim as a young boy, possibly for slavery, before being brought via Amsterdam to the court of Duke Anton Ulrich of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Amo was baptised in 1707, and he received a very high-standard education, learning Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, High and Low German, in addition to probably knowing some of his mother tongue, Nzema. The great polymath G W Leibniz (1646-1716) frequently visited Amo’s home in Wolfenbüttel when he was growing up.
+In Amo’s most thorough work, The Art of Philosophising Soberly and Accurately (1738), he seems to anticipate the later Enlightenment thinker Kant. The book deals with the intentions of our mind, and with human actions as natural, rational or in accordance with a norm. In the first chapter, writing in Latin, Amo argues that ‘everything knowable is either a thing in itself, or a sensation, or an operation of the mind’.
+He elaborates in the next paragraph, stating that ‘for the sake of which cognition occurs, is the thing in itself’. And in the following demonstration: ‘Real learning is cognition of things in themselves. It thus has the basis of its certainty in the known thing.’ Amo’s original wording is ‘Omne cognoscibile aut res ipsa’, using the Latin notion res ipsa for the ‘thing-in-itself’.
+Today, Kant is known for his notion of the ‘thing-in-itself’ (das Ding an sich) in Critique of Pure Reason (1787) – and his argument that we cannot know the thing beyond our mental representation of it. Yet it is acknowledged that this was not the first use of the term in Enlightenment philosophy. As the Merriam-Webster Dictionary writes on the term thing-in-itself: ‘First known use: 1739.’ Still, that is two years after Amo’s main work was turned in at Wittenberg, in 1737.
+--- [[https://aeon.co/essays/yacob-and-amo-africas-precursors-to-locke-hume-and-kant|aeon.co]],  The African Enlightenment. The highest ideals of Locke, Hume and Kant were first proposed more than a century earlier by an Ethiopian in a cave
 ====== El anti-realismo continental, o correlacionismo ======
@@ Línea 134: / Línea 153: @@
   * [[http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2011/7/109891-algorithmic-composition/fulltext|Algorithmic Composition: Computational Thinking in Music]]
   * [[http://www.thedewlab.com/blog/2012/07/12/introduction-to-object-oriented-ontology/|Introduction to Object-oriented Ontology]]
-  * [[http://www.revistaenie.clarin.com/ideas/Adios-posmodernismo-llega-Nuevo-Realismo_0_1375062492.html|Adiós posmodernismo, llega el Nuevo Realismo]]
+  * [[https://www.clarin.com/rn/ideas/Adios-posmodernismo-llega-Nuevo-Realismo_0_rkxeJdtvXl.html|Adiós posmodernismo, llega el Nuevo Realismo]]
   * [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative_realism|Speculative realism - Wikipedia]]
   * [[http://www.shaviro.com/Othertexts/Things.pdf|The Universe of Things]], Steven Shaviro