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====== Flack, Jessica, Coarse graining as a downward causation mechanism (2017) ======

Disponible online en http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/375/2109/20160338

Downward causation is the controversial idea that
‘higher’ levels of organization can causally influence
behaviour at ‘lower’ levels of organization. Here I
propose that we can gain traction on downward
causation by being operational and examining how
adaptive systems identify regularities in evolutionary
or learning time and use these regularities to guide
behaviour. I suggest that in many adaptive systems
components collectively compute their macroscopic
worlds through coarse-graining. I further suggest
we move from simple feedback to downward
causation when components tune behaviour in
response to estimates of collectively computed
macroscopic properties. I introduce a weak and strong
notion of downward causation and discuss the role the
strong form plays in the origins of new organizational
levels. I illustrate these points with examples from the
study of biological and social systems and deep neural
networks.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘Re-
conceptualizing the origins of life’.

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