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--- proyectos:tfg:bibliografia:farnsworth2017 [2017/11/08 02:20]
Joaquín Herrero Pintado
+++ proyectos:tfg:bibliografia:farnsworth2017 [2017/11/15 08:46] (actual)
Joaquín Herrero Pintado
@@ Línea 2: / Línea 2: @@
 en Imari Walker, S. (ed), 2017, From Matter to Life – Information and Causality
+Downward causation (first defined by Campbell, 1974) is both a
+philosophical concept and an apparent phenomenon of nature attracting great
+controversy. Most scientists usually assume that all observable phenomena
+derive from elemental fundamental physics, so that even human behaviours
+ultimately result from interactions of subatomic particles, via a unidirectional
+chain of causes and effects. On closer inspection, the act of living seems able
+to spontaneously generate events, breaking this chain; it is as though life
+possessed ‘free will’ by acting without a prior physical cause. In this chapter,
+we analyse this puzzling behaviour using information and control theory as a
+general framework, applying it to a range of scales of organisation in
+biological systems: from the molecular to the ecological. An essential
+element (and possibly a defining feature) of life emerges from this analysis. It
+is the presence of downward causation by information selection and control.
+Through a series of examples, we show how this phenomenon works to
+produce the appearance of autonomous action from information constructed
+and maintained by the process of living. After a brief introduction to the
+concept of downward causation, we set it more firmly within the concepts of
+biological information processing used within this volume. From this we
+attempt to derive a general classification of causation across scales of
+biological organisation. We show how selection from random processes and
+information embodiment in molecules, organism systems, and ecological
+systems combine to emerge with the properties of downward causation and
+the appearance of autonomy. These phenomena seem to be exclusive to life.

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